Simulation Based Design of Klystrons

The Klystron is a vacuum tube which used as an oscillator and amplifier of microwave signals. The magnetron is different from the klystron tube. The magnetron used only as an oscillator. In a klystron, the electron is injected normally from the cathode. But in the case of magnetron, the electrons are forcefully injected. In a klystron, the electrons move linearly in the tube and in the magnetron, the electrons follow a spiral path from cathode to anode. The klystron is used in TV transmitters, RADARs and particle accelerators. It is also used as a high power, narrowband stable amplifier. The magnetron used in microwave ovens, operating at 2.45 GHz. It is also used for RF heating, operating at 900 MHz or 2.45 GHz.

The relativistic klystron consists of several discrete elements including  deflector cavity, a sector field magnet, a microwave resonator, a solenoid, and the drift spaces between each element. A derivation of the equations used to describe these elements with advanced simulation tools and developing new capability for this software to capture this elements and Tests of each element are performed to verify the validity of the approximations used in the numerical simulation. After the studying the klystron and its each element, the numerical simulation is then used to optimize initial design parameters in various operating parameters of the klystron.