Plasma Treatment
Research and Development in Plasma Technologies
Microwave Plasma Gasification Plant for Petrochemical Wastes and Hazardous Oil & Gas Industries Production: Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, Heavy Oils, Tar, Coke.
Various methods are used in the treatment and disposal of petroleum sludge—such as incineration, stabilization/solidification, oxidation, and biodegradation as well as other oil recovery techniques from petroleum sludge such as solvent extraction, centrifugation, surfactant EOR, freeze/thaw, pyrolysis, microwave irradiation, electro-kinetic method, ultrasonic irradiation, and froth flotation. Our Hybrid Microwave Plasma Gasification-based Plant is intended for the fractionation of gasoline, diesel fuel, heavy residues—such as heavy oil, tar, and coke—being followed by processing of heavy residue in plasma cracking unit and processing of liquid synthetic oil as well as natural oil.
We in Plasma Dynamics, research design, develop, and manufacture plants in a way to satisfy local standards and regulations such as EEA in Europe and EPA in the United States of America, based on materials and combination of technologies with Plasma-based procedure to ensure both high efficiency as well as health and environmental factors.
Our unique technology for Hybrid Plasma gasification of petrochemical wastes and oil sludges can be used with high efficiency in:
- Ground sludges (resulting from unforeseeable equipment malfunctions or in emergency cases),
- Near-bottom sludges (resulting from oil spill sedimentation on the bottom of vessels containing large amounts of water),
- Tank sludges (formed during its stay in different structures when transported and stored),
- Oil sludges formed directly during oil extraction,
- Oil refinery wastes including acid sludges,
- Worked-off greasing substances,
- Distillation residues,
- Bituminous sands,
- Removed asphalt,
- Wastes of bitumen-based and tar-based rolled roofing materials.
In the petroleum industry, the generation of oily sludge cannot be avoided and this is poses a global challenge in its treatment and management as a result of the of its hazardous nature. Several approaches had evolved to effectively manage petroleum sludge, such as pyrolysis, land farming, ultrasonic treatment, Incineration, solvent extraction, photocatalysis, chemical treatment and biodegradation. Biological, physical and chemical processes can be used to reduce environmental contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons to acceptable levels.
The choice of treatment method depends on the physical and chemical characteristics of the waste as well as the availability of facilities to process these wastes. By opting for the Plasma Dynamics unique gasification plants technology of recycling or deactivation, you make provision for the highest possible level of work safety, zero chance for harmful components to escape into natural zones, and maximum environmental consideration level of the recycling process. The plasma-thermal byproduct in the reactor of the plasma gasification plant is synthesis gas and mineral residue in the form of slag. Slag can be used as a construction material, and synthesis gas can be commercialized into electric as well as heat energy production or into synthetic motor fuel production.
The management of the technology to be applied for the treatment of oily wastes is essential to promote proper environmental management and provide alternative methods to reduce, reuse, and recycling of the wastes. Our technology of Hybrid Plasma-based Plant is applicable for disposal and recycling of secondary sludges and bottom sediments. Doing the same process with other technologies is really impossible or very expensive, and no other technology allows for completing the waste pit liquidation cycle. We will ensure to satisfy regulations include:
- United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is finalizing revisions to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act’s (RCRA) hazardous waste generator regulatory program proposed on September 25, 2015. There are several objectives to these revisions. They include reorganizing the hazardous waste generator regulations to make them more user-friendly and thus improve their usability by the regulated community; providing a better understanding of how the RCRA hazardous waste generator regulatory program works; addressing gaps in the existing regulations to strengthen environmental protection; providing greater flexibility for hazardous waste generators to manage their hazardous waste in a cost-effective and protective manner; and making technical corrections and conforming changes to address inadvertent errors and remove obsolete references to programs that no longer exist. This final rule responds to the comments of EPA stakeholders, taking into consideration the mission of EPA and the goals of RCRA.
- European Environment Agency (EEA) of national waste prevention programmes in Europe do the review process covers programmes in the 28 European Union (EU) Member States and three European Free Trade Association (EFTA) Member States, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway with focuses on the prevention of hazardous waste. EU policies such as the Roadmap to a Resource Efficient Europe (EC, 2011) and the EU’s 7th Environment Action Programme (EU, 2013) also recognised the need to prevent waste, to reduce waste generation by 2020 and to work towards eradicating the illegal shipments of, in particular, hazardous waste.
Advanced Technology for Green Planet
A chemical waste must be classified and managed as a hazardous waste if it exhibits any of the four characteristics described below, or is specifically listed in the local regulations.
Ignitable Characteristic
A chemical waste is a hazardous waste due to ignitability if:
- Liquid Chemicals: the flash point of the liquid chemical is less than or equal to 140 degrees F.
- Equivalent is 60 degrees C
- Flashpoint determination is ‘Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester’
- Common examples include:
- Alcohols (note: for ethanol, mixtures greater than or equal to 20% are hazardous wastes. For other alcohols the cut-off is 10%.)
- Organic Solvents and mixtures containing organic solvents such as xylenes, hexane, toluene, acetone, etc.
- Stains and mixtures containing stains (because they are solvent-based).
- Oil-based paints and coatings
- Solid Chemicals: the chemical is capable, under standard temperature and pressure, of causing fire through friction, absorption of moisture or spontaneous chemical changes, and burns vigorously when ignited
- Common examples include:
- Paraformaldehyde
- Parafin wax with xylene
- Rags saturated with an ignitable liquid
- Common examples include:
- Compressed Gas: Ignitable compressed gases must also be managed as hazardous wastes.
- Generally this involves partially-full, or left-over cylinders of gas
- Common Examples include:
- Hydrogen
- Acetylene
- Propane
- Butane
- Oxidizers: the chemical is capable of enhancing the combustion of other materials, generally by yielding oxygen.
- Common examples include:
- Chlorates
- Chlorites
- Nitrates
- Perchlorates
- Perchlorites
- Permanganates
- Peroxides
- Common examples include:
If your chemical waste exhibits any of the ‘ignitable’ characteristics above, you must manage it as an ignitable hazardous waste.
Corrosive Characteristic
A chemical waste is a hazardous waste due to corrosivity if:
- It is aqueous and has a pH less than or equal to 2, or greater than or equal to 12.5, or
- It is a liquid and corrodes steel (Type SAE 1020) at a rate greater than 6.35 mm (approximately 0.250 inch) per year.
- Common examples include:
- Hydrochloric Acid
- Sulfuric Acid
- Nitric Acid
- Sodium Hydroxide
Reactive Characteristic
A reactive hazardous waste is defined as a material which:
- Under normal conditions is unstable and can undergo violent changes without detonating
- Reacts violently with Water
- Common Examples Include:
- Sodium metal,
- Anhydrides,
- Sodium Borohydride
- Common Examples Include:
- Reacts violently with Air
- Common Examples Include:
- tert-butyllithium,
- Common Examples Include:
- Capable of detonation or violent explosion
- Common Examples Include:
- Dry picric acid,
- Azide compounds,
- Organic peroxides,
- Old ether or tetrahydrofuran with peroxide formation
- Common Examples Include:
- A cyanide or sulfide which, when exposed to a pH of between 2 and 12.5, generates toxic gases, vapors or fumes
- Common Examples Include:
- Sodium cyanide,
- Potassium cyanide,
- Sodium sulfide,
- Carbon disulfide
- Common Examples Include:
Toxic
The toxic ‘characteristic’ is where the regulations start to get into listing specific chemicals. To determine whether a chemical waste exhibits the toxic characteristic, it is necessary check the federal and governments toxic list. As a general rule, a waste that contains any material on this list should be collected for disposal regardless of concentration; even if it’s not technically regulated as a hazardous waste it still doesn’t belong in the environment.
Integrated Plasma-based gasification combined cycle
Plasma cracking units for crude oil, heavy oil residues (fuel oil, sludge, bitumen and used motor oils)
Eliminate the formation of hazardous substances such as dioxins, furans, NOx
Absence of combustion (oxidation) in the waste disposal cycle
The application of this technology does not lead to an increase in the cost of equipment for waste disposal
Computer Modeling and Simulation
We have a very powerful computer simulation team with extensive experience in this field, so we can provide high-quality simulation of processes of any plasma related systems using the most powerful software.
Plasma Technologies: R&D Better Design Engineering Simulation Faster Test Optimized Manufacturing Lowest cost to market
Research, Development, Improvement, Design, realization, production of a prototype and industrial sample
By very powerful team, which includes professors, young scientists and engineers with extensive experience in this field, we will be able to provide the high-quality research, development, improvement and design for any plasma related system.
Connections and scientific cooperation with various universities in this industry, give us a great opportunity to find a solution to even the most complex problems associated with plasma technologies.
We have great experience to realization and production of a prototypes for further research and improvement and data monitoring.